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Temples of Orissa
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Jagannath Temple
Jagannath Temple in Puri is on of the most
revered pilgrimage destination in India as it
is one of the dhams (abodes) of the divine in
India present in the four cardinal directions.
The temple architecture has been restored to
its full glory so that you can appreciate the
influence that the 241 m high spire of the
temple has on the state of Orissa. Inside is
housed the deity of Lord Jagannath flanked by
his sister Subhadra and brother Balrama.
Shopping for souvenirs from the markets
surrounding the walled temple complex; eating
the blessed food in the temple courtyard and
visiting the beaches is a must on your tour of
Jagannath Temple, especially during Rath Yatra.
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Konark Temple
Conceived in the 13th century under the
reign of King Narasimhadeva, the temple is
designed in the form of a chariot with huge
sculpted wheels that have become an integral
part of ethnic jewelry, art and crafts of
Orissa. This chariot of Surya, the Sun God,
driven by seven horses is a striking example
of Aryan influences on Orissa's architecture
and lifestyle. Built over 12 years on golden
sand beach, the sea is removed from this once
shore temple by 2 km. You must also visit the
surviving temples and the dancing hall in the
temple complex that was known as the 'black
pagoda' on your tour of temples in India.
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Lingaraj Temple
Dedicated to Lord Lingaraj (Tribhuwaneswar),
the Lingaraj Temple is one of the active
temples in Bhubaneswar, Orissa that is
frequented by Hindu devotees in large numbers.
Built in the 11th century, it is believed that
this 11th century structure was built over a
7th century structure. You can get a view of
the complete temple landscape from the viewing
platform. Like the Konark temple, Lingaraj
temple too has tall pagoda shaped towers,
porch, and halls for dance and for prayers
that you ought to see on your tour of the
temples in Orissa. The other temples within
the complex are worth a visit too.
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Mukteswar Temple
Mukteswar, which means 'Lord who offers
salvation through Yoga' marks the shift in the
old school of Kalinga architecture to the new
school that emphasized colossal duels, richly
inscribed and sculpted stepped pyramid like
porch and gateways, dance halls and towers.
Mukteswar, though a compact temple site,
offers great insight into the evolution of
temple architecture in Orissa.
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Rajarani Temple
Another temple that you can visit on your tour
of temples in Orissa is the Rajarani Temple.
Carved out of red and gold sandstone and set
in the swaying paddy fields of Orissa, the
Rajarani Temple was once called the Indreswara
temple and is dedicated to Lord Shiva.
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Vaital Temples
The Vaital Temple (c. AD 800) belongs to the
Khakhara order (a subdivision of the Kalinga
school of architecture) which was used for
shrines devoted to tantric cults. The deul
(tower) of the temple is the most striking
difference. It is rectangular in shape,
positioned at a right angle to the Jagmohana
(porch). The roof vault is derived from
earlier free-standing buildings made of wood
and thatch. The horseshoe-shape of the chaitya
arch became an enduring motif, turning up not
only in actual structures, such as the Vaital
Temple, but frequently in sculptural
decoration. On the Vaital Temple, the outer
surface of the vault is absolutely plain, in
contrast with the heavy sculptural
embellishment of every other existing Orissan
temple tower. The shape of the more common
Temple form has not been ignored, however; it
has been carefully inserted, in miniature
form, on the four corners of the Vaital
Temple's jagmohana (porch). A brief look at
the Vaital Temple will show an extremely
accomplished style of sculptural decoration. A
slightly closer look will reveal some of the
darker facets of the sculpture's content, and
the temple's nature. Tantric worship, which
combined elements from certain sects of both
Buddhism and Hinduism, centered on the worship
of shakti, the female life force. It developed
elaborate rituals involving magic spells,
secret rituals and sacrificial offerings. The
interior of the Vaital Temple's inner sanctum
is almost completely dark, in keeping with the
esoteric rites believed to have been performed
there. The temple deity of Chamunda (tantric
form of the Hindu goddess Durga) is dimly
visible behind her grille, portrayed with a
garland of skulls around her neck, seated on a
corpse, flanked by an owl and a jackal. Her
emaciated body, sunken eyes, and shrunken
belly are quite remarkable, and even the
usually staid and unflappable Archaeological
Survey of India, in their guide to Bhubaneswar,
cannot help but remarking that she displays
the 'most terrible aspect conceivable'. The 15
niches which adorn the interior wall around
her are also filled with a series of
singularly strange images. In front of the
entrance to the sanctum is a 'fourfaced' linga
adorned with unusual carvings. Next to it is a
post, to which sacrificial offerings were
tied. The entire atmosphere is, in the words
of one specialist, disquieting. The
Archaeological Survey, sums it up more
directly: 'weird'. On the outer, eastern face
of the tower (back, thankfully, in the
sunlight), there is an extremely fine image of
the sun god, Surya, with a sensitive and
beautiful face. He is flanked by Usha and
Pratyusha, twin sisters of the dawn, while his
chariot is driven by Aruna. This is a motif
that will be remembered, and later developed
fully in the Sun Temple at Konark. The first
erotic sculptures known in Orissan art are
found here, in a sunken transitional panel on
the super-structure. It has been suggested
that these images, which are a sort of
catalogue of positions, had real relevance to
the tantric rituals of this particular temple.
Once presented here, they acquired the force
of convention and temple builders in later
centuries may have accepted them as a standard
part of the temple decoration repertoire.
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Parsurameswar Temple
This 650 A.D. temple is one of the oldest
temples existing in Bhubaneshwar. It is close
to the main Bhubaneshwar-Puri road, on the
same side as the Lingaraj temple. It has all
the main features of the pre-10th century
Orissan architectural style temples like pine
spire curving up to a point over the sanctum,
which houses the deity and the pyramid-covered
Jagmohan, where people sit and pray. It has a
lively bas-relief of horses and elephant's
processions and latticework on windows.
Outside the temple one can see exotic carvings
of Ganesha, the elephant God Karti Keya, Shiva
Parvati and other deities. On the northwest
corner of the temple compound one comes across
the exoticaly unique " Lingam of one thousand
Lingas "- the phallic symbol of shiva with
1,000 lingas engraved on it. [This is one of
the best-preserved, Shiva temples. The masonry
was kept in place by weight and balance]. The
other interesting carvings to be seen are
those of Shiva tackling the Lankan king "Ravana,"
who is trying to uproot Mount Kailasa, the
abode of Lord Shiva. Shiva is also shown in
the endearing posture as "Natraja"- The Lord
of Dance.
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Siddervara Temple
Immediately to the NorthWest of the Muktesvara
Temple is the Siddervara Temple. The temple is
plain and the carving not elaborate. Unlike
the earlier temple, the vertical lower section
is divided into five parts and the amla on top
of the sanctuary is supported by four
squatting figures. The Gauri Temple to the
South is built in the Kahkhara style and has
carvings of beautiful women in numerous poses.
Ketu, the ninth planet has been introduced in
this temple.
Braheswar Temple
This 11th century temple is about a kilometer
east of the main road. In the courtyard of the
temple one comes across four small structures
while crossing the porch of the temple one
comes across the image of Goddess Lakshmi
(Goddess of wealth). Covered with a piece of
cloth, with incense sticks in front of it. The
main sanctuary houses a Shivalinga. The tower
of the Sanctuary is over 18m in height. The
exterior of the temple is elaborately carved
with swans, monkeys, lions, deers, figures of
Gods and Goddesses, religious scenes and the
ninth planet "Ketu" also finds its place here.
The scenes in the riches of the miniature
temples of the upper sections are mainly
exotic couples in various poses and voluptuous
female figures elaborately bedecked with
ornaments. A rare depiction of Shiva as
Natraja playing on a vina above a bull is
found in the carvings of this temple.
Baladevajew Temple
Known to the pilgrims as ' Tulasi Kshetra',
Kendrapara houses the temple of Lord Baladeva.
The rites and rituals of Lord Jagannath at
Puri are generally followed here which make
Kendrapara equally attractive - 95 km from
Bhubaneswar.
Madhava Temple
The
famous Madhava temple(13th century) is located
on the eastern bank of the Prachi River, about
6 kms. from Niali (Cuttack District). The area
between Niali and Madhava appears to have been
the principal centre of the Madhava
(four-armed Vishnu) cult in Orissa, made
famous in Sri Jayadeva's Gita Govinda. The
temple is also sometimes referred to as "Durgamadhava"
because of the presence of a small Durga image
next to Madhava within the sanctum. This joint
worship of Durga and Madhava is unique to
Orissan Vaishnavism, and is yet another
testament of the great Orissan process of
synthesis. Madhava is a temple in active
worship, and, in fact, draws a large number of
pilgrims from all over Orissa.
Brahmeswara Temple
Both the
deul (tower) and jagmohana (porch) of the
Brahmeswara temple (c. 1050) are in the fully
developed mature Orissan style. This temple
can be dated with fair accuracy by the use of
inscriptions that were originally on the
temple. They are now unfortunately lost, but
records of them preserve the information.The
Brahmeswara shows quite a bit of affinity with
the much earlier Mukteswara temple, including
the carved interior of the jagmohana, and in
the sculptural iconography (such as the
lion#head motif which appeared for the first
time in the Mukteswara, and is here evident in
profusion). There are quite a number of
innovations, however, including the
introduction of a great number of musicians
and dancers (some holding lutes) on the
exterior walls, and the use (for the first
time) of iron beams in the construction. The
carvings over the door frame contain beautiful
flower designs as well as flying figures. Like
the Rajarani, there are images of the eight
directional Guardian Deities. There are also
quite a number of tantric-related images, and
even Chamunda (last glimpsed in the Vaital
Deul inner sanctum) appears on the western
facade, holding a trident and a human head,
standing on a corpse. Shiva and other deities
are also depicted in their horrific aspects.
One of the lost inscriptions stated that a
Queen Kolavati presented 'many beautiful
women' to the temple, and it has been
suggested that this is an evidence of the
devadasi tradition which assumed such
importance in later Orissan temple
architecture and temple life.
Simhanath Temple
Situated on an
island in the Mahanadi River, about 10 kms.
from Badamba in Cuttack District, the
Simhanath temple (c. 9th century) is
interesting for its images of Shaiva, Shakta,
and Vaishnava cults of Hinduism. The jagmohana
(porch) appears to be influenced by the Vaital
Deul temple in Bhubaneswar. The Simhanath
temple combines older features with new and
energetic experiments. This can be seen in
such things as the elongation of the Paga
images which crown the niches, and in the
addition of a third terrace to the roof of the
jagmohana.
Nrusinghanath Temple
It is 164 KM
from Sambalpur via Baragarh. This temple is
stands at the foot of the Gandhamardana
Mountain whose ancient name was Parimalagiri.
According to Hiuen-Tsang, the Chinese
traveler, this place was a center of Buddhist
scriptural learning. Located in the sacred
Gandhamardan Hills, which according to
legends, Hanuman carried on his shoulders from
the Himalayas as described in the ancient epic
Ramayana, the temple at Nrusinghanath is an
important pilgrimage site. It is also an
exceedingly fascinating and beautifully
located temple and is worth the journey to
this rather remote spot. The present temple,
located at the source of the Papaharini
stream, is a 14th century structure built on a
more ancient site. The four pillars within the
Jagmohana suggest that the earlier temple was
built in the 9th century. The beautiful
doorframes have been dated to the 11th
century. The site of the temple is unique.
Stone steps wind up the hillside behind the
temple, leading past a waterfall, and
eventually curving under the falls to a spot
where some beautiful, and very well- preserved
relief sculptures are found. The climb to the
carvings and return journey will take about an
hour. Since shoes are not permitted on these
sanctified pilgrimage steps, those with tender
feet should take along a pair of heavy socks
for the climb. On the opposite slope of the
hill on which the temple is located, is the
Harishankar Temple. Between the two temples
there is a 16 km. plateau, littered with
Buddhist ruins that scholars feel may be the
remains of the ancient university of
Parimalagiri, referred to by the
seventh-century Chinese traveler Hiuen T'sang
as 'Po-lo-mo-lo-ki-li'. The trek along this
plateau is a long one, but for the serious
student of history, it is an unforgettable
experience.
Khiching Temple
The town
of Khiching, which is now a rather remote
destination in the northern area of Orissa,
was obviously once a religious center of some
importance. The temples which remain today,
although interesting in their own right, are
but the humble remnants of a more glorious
past. The large temple of KICHAKESWARI,
originally probably dating back to the 7th or
8th century, was reconstructed from the ruins
of an earlier temple in the early 20th
century. The reconstruction, which used the
traditional technique of moving large stone
elements up a huge earthen ramp, proved that
the ancient skill of temple building and
architecture survived into the current
century.
Unfortunately, scholars feel that the
constructed temple does not reflect the true
form of the original, and that the shape now
is a bit disproportionate. Nevertheless, the
sculptures on this and other Khiching temples
are exceptionally beautiful. Large, tall
images, they are slender and graceful,
reflecting a remarkable sophistication and
deftness of touch. In addition to the
temples,there is a small museum in Khiching
with some very fine images.
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Some Important
Temples in Orissa
Ananta Bashudev
Temple, Bhubaneswar built by the
Queen Chandrika Devi in1278 AD.
Kedargouri Temple,
Bhubaneswar Dedicated to Lord Siva who is
called Kedareswar and Goddess Gouri. It is
situated within the same premises next to
Mukteswar Temple. It is built by The King
Lalatendu Keshari.
Mohini Temple - Situated on the
southern bank of Bindusagar, The sacred tank
near Lingaraj Temple, Bhubaneswar.
Yogini Temple
Ram and Krishana Temple - Sri Ram
Temple on Janapath in Kharavel Nagar,
Bhubaneswar.
Lord Krishna Temple
promoted by ISKON
(International Society for Krishna
Consciousness) on NH- 5,
Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar.
Huma's
Leaning Temple - Huma is 32 KM from
Sambalpur and 350 KM from Bhubaneswar is
adorned with a leaning temple dedicated to
Lord Bimaleswar. On the river mahanadi, it is
a scenic spot of great excellence. The Kudo
fishes here are believed to belong to lord
Siva and they are very friendly to visitors.
Pataleswar Temple, Budhikomna,
Nuapada - 115 KM from Bhawanipatna. Made
entirely of brick in Trirath Style. The
architectural design is highly appreciated by
the art-lover and general visitors.
Samaleswari
Temple, Sambalpur - Temple
of Goddess Samalai situated beside the river
mahanadi. 321 Km From Bhubaneswar.
Gupteswar Temple- The temple of
Lord Siva is 52 KM from Jeypore the District
Head Quarter of Koraput.
Ranipur
Jharial - 42 KM from Titlagarh of
Bolangir district is well known for the sacred
seats of Chausathi Yoginis. It is also called
Soma tirtha of Lord Someswar Mahadev ( Lord
Siva). The temple is fully built of bricks and
biggest of all here.
Harisankar - The temple of lord Sankar (Lord Siva) and Lord Hari (Lord
Jagannath) situated on the Gandhamardan
mountain in the Bolangir District.
Kapilas, Dhenkanal
- Kapilas is famous for the temple
of Lord Chandra Sekhar ( Lord Siva) which is
situated on the top of the mountain 223 ft.
high from ground.
Kantilo Nilamadhab - It is in the
district of Nayagarh and around 100 KM from
Bhubaneswar. Famous for the temple of Lord
Nilamadhab on the bank of river Mahanadi. Here
the beauty of nature is really unbelievable.
Ladubaba Temple, Saranakul - It
stands at Saranakul 13 KM away from Nayagarh
is famous for the temple of Lord Siva built
by the King of nayagarh Ladukeswar Singh
Mandhata in his own name.
Raghunathjew Temple - 15 KM from Nayagarh famous for his Gold Cobra on the top
of the temple.
Bhagabati Temple - It is one of the
famous Saktipitha of Orissa. This temple of
Goddess Bhagabati Situated at Banapur 105 KM
from Bhubaneswar and 5 KM from the railway
station of Balugaon.
Cuttack Chandi- It stands on the
heart of the former capital of Orissa the
historical silver city Cuttack famous for the
temple of Goddess Chandi.
Dhabaleswar - The Temple of Lord
Siva stands on an islet in the middle of the
river mahanadi at a distance 5 KM from Cuttack
city. There is a saying that to save a devotee
The God had turned a black bullock in white.
Charchika, Banki - It is situated
in a small town of Cuttack district famous for
the temple of Goddess Charchika the another
name of Goddess Maa Durga.
Bhattarika - The Temple of Goddess Bhattarika situated on the bank of river
Mahanadi, to the east of Baramba Block of
Athagarh sub-division of Cuttack district.
Jhankad Sarala - This is famous for
the temple of Goddess Sarala 40 KM from
Cuttack.
Khirichora Gopinatha - It is at Remuna 9 KM from Balasore famous for the
temple of Khirichora Gopinatha (Lord
Krishna) widely visited by the devotees.
Akhandalamani - It is famous for
the Temple of Lord Akhandalamani (Siva)
situated at Aradi 10 KM from Chandabali beach
in the district of Bhadrak.
Tara Tarini- It is situated 32 KM
away from Berhampur on the top of Hill. The
temple of Tara Tarini reached by ascending a
large number of steps. A beautiful spot for
picnic and its beauty of nature is highly
enjoyable in the winter. |
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